I have always called it “Fruit Room”, probable because they are used to store canned and bottled goods. I have one in my basement that is actually under the porch, it stays cool in the summer and I do not need to worry about things freezing in the winter. We store food and water in it.
My parents had a sand pit (a section in the back, cornered off with about 4” of sand in the bottom) in their Fruit Room to store the fresh vegetables they grew during the summer. Potatoes with the dirt left on them could be stored all winter and apples and squash for a couple months.

-John