I always carry an epi-pen when leading backcountry trips. Always make sure everyone has a properly fitted life jacket on raft trips. However there is often resistance by those in charge to bringing bear spray or firearms when in bear country. I have been in only one situation where we needed an EPI-Pen, but nearly a half dozen where bears were threatening. It all depends on where you visit or live. Bow hunters in Western Montana should have a firearms or bear spray. Backcountry skiers there can substitute an avalanche beacon.