Yup, it's just a highly refined kerosene. You can use regular kerosene (like you would get from a gas station) or even fuel oil, but both will burn much smokier.

We used to use lamps like that in the construction industry. They were round balls, filled with kerosene or fuel oil, with a large wick on top. We would light them and leave them on the road, so that drivers could see us at night. Nowadays we have road flares, electrical lights, strobes, ect; but I've still got a bunch in the garage.