wildman800,

It seems to me like you are asking for how to take and calculate an amplitude. With an amplitude you observe and take a bearing of the sun as it rises or sets, then you calculate what the true bearing of the sun is based on it's declination and your latititude.

See pp. 284-286: http://www.irbs.com/bowditch/pdf/chapt17.pdf

Note that that time to take the bearing with the sun is when the lower limb of the sun is about 2/3 of the sun's diameter above the visible horizon.

You might also be able to take an azimuth at that time. But IIRC, and I have not taken on since the late 80s, an amplitude is easier to figure out.

Also, IIRC, amplitudes are very accurate and because the bearing of the sun chages little as it approaches and is on the horizon.