I don't recall ever seeing a credible source say that drinking pool water "straight" was OK, particularly long term. I have only seen warnings to not drink pool water. You're not going to drop dead from drinking a mouthfull of it, although the pH and chemicals will likely irritate your GI tract and then you'll end up dehydrated because of vomiting or diarrhea, depending on how much you drink. There is also a lot of sodium in most pool water (just from the chemicals, not the salt in "salt water" pools), which will cause other problems. It's just not right for drinking.

Your average activated carbon filter probably does not filter out pool chemicals to any great degree. From a personal kit standpoint, I don't think anything short of RO or distillation would effectively get rid of the pool chemicals.