A bit over sixty years ago the basic assumption was that if you lived in Florida when a hurricane hit help was not 'on the way'. Everyone knew that you had to patch and prevent further damage on your own.

It was common for people to store a goodly amount of lumber, canvas, nails in mason jars with turpentine to keep them from rusting, and a small collection of basic hand tools wrapped in oil cloth and/or in a small tool box. Usually these were stored under the house. The masonry foundation was often the strongest part of the house.

It is still a good idea.

I don't know about hand planes and tools more suitable for fine work. IMO the priority would be to patch holes in the roof and covering blown out windows. This sort of thing has to be done quickly.

Hurricanes bring bands of rain that can keep coming for over a week. A small hole in a roof can flood the home, drop the ceiling and can easily lead to a total destruction of the house through rot and mould. After Katrina it was found that many homes that suffered only minor damage ended up being total losses because easy repair were not even attempted.

Materials needed would be a short stack of framing lumber, plywood with a good number of tarps and lath to make it all quickly rainproof. Fasteners would be 16d nails for framing, 8d for plywood and roofing nails and/or cap nails for holding down tarps.

The minimum standard for work would probably be a quick and dirty +/- half an inch. Just accurate enough to keep the wind and rain out while you get the tree out of your living room and find out who made it through alive.

For tools a good claw hammer, a hand saw with a combination blade, a crowbar, tape measure, and box cutter would do it. A half-hatchet is good for laying down lath over tarps.

Once you have everything dried in and everyone fed, watered and safe you can come back at it and do a real repair.

Now long-term the finer tools, and the skills to use them well, would be nice to have. The ability to make furniture, and spruce up the homestead would be valuable.