Are EMP effects line-of-sight, or do they act like a current?

I understand very little about the physics of things like this.

If an EMP caused by a massive solar flare was aimed toward Earth, would it affect just the side of the Earth that was facing the sun, or would it arc all around the planet?

Would a deliberate man-made EMP, delivered by rocket and detonated high above the Earth be any different in the way it acts than a solar flare EMP, other than size or power?

I'm not sure I'm asking this correctly, so feel free to assume.