"Could this also be because the women and children got fed first, before the men?"
Probably not. They were poorly outfitted for the ordeal, as they hoped to reach their destination before first snow. Their supplies went fast. Then they ate what remained of the oxen, who were not much more than skin & bones themselves. Then they boiled leather for soup. Contrary to popular opinion, some of them never touched human flesh. I have the feeling that infamous Alfred Packer was in the best shape.
Men's bodies & women's bodies seem to work differently. Let me tell you a sort-of joke about men & women dieting:
A man's body, when faced with starvation (diet), reacts like it's thinking: "Oh-oh, famine coming! I need to cut out the fat so I can run, hunt & forage better to provide for my family."
A woman's body (normally higher in fat anyway, I believe), faces starvation (diet) by thinking: "Oh-oh! Famine coming! I may be pregnant, so I must conserve all fat to protect and feed the baby."
Also, although no would would probably admit it, she might have been given fluids by "anonymous benefactors" who were hoping for a reversal of the judgment.
A heartbreaking situation, overall.
Sue