They have eliminated the requirement for learning code, but, all license classes still allow the use of code. As you go up through the Amateur classes, you gain additional band space to operate, but, you can use Morse code right from the start.

There is some good info on the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) site: www.arrl.org that might be a starting place for some of your questions. Another suggestion would be to try to find a local ham to talk to. Most of them will be more than happy to chew your ear off about the subject! I've been licensed for years, but, don't actively use anything at this point. I still have gear to make local and DX contacts, and figure it's good insurance if normal comm's are down in an emergency.