bamboo grows abundantly throughout asia and there are many regions with severe winter weather so i assume cold weather isn't a problem. from what i've read there are also many different types of bamboo with different temperature tolerances. here's a little info from a website i was reading:
"The best time to plant varies from area to area and species to species. In cold winter climates, the best planting time is probably as soon as the ground can be worked in the spring. This gives the plant a longer growing season to get established before the next cold season shuts it down. In hot summer climates the best planting time for cool climate species such as most mountain
bamboos, may be the fall. Heat sensitive mountain bamboos may more readily establish themselves after the passing of the hot weather"
here's the site:
http://www.maasnursery.com/bamboo.htmand here's another site that sells cold tolerant bamboo:
http://www.jmbamboo.com/coldhardy.htmas far as its usefullness for survival goes, the list is endless. shelter, tools, tea, water container, rope, candle wicks, and even as a signaling device (or deterrent for curious wildlife), since an uncracked section of bamboo will explode with a trememdously loud bang if heated in a fire.