Protein is the least efficient energy source, and has less energy per unit of weight(protein and carbs both have 4 calories per gram, but protein uses more energy to digest). Protein also requires the most water to metabolize, so is very undesirable, except possibly for long term survival situations. Fat is the most concentrated nutrient in terms of calories(9 cal/gram), so it is important for survival foods, but I'm pretty sure fats take more energy to digest than carbs. Carbohydrates are the most efficient fuel for your body, and complex carbs break down slowly, providing sustained energy which is important for any survival situation.

I think the ideal survival food should have mostly complex carbs, with plenty of fat and very little protein.