1. Personal info. Calling/ contacting family, friends, work
My experience is limited to hurricanes. I can tell you what won't work = cell phones. Most towers are not designed to deal with high winds. All of our towers failed before winds got to tropical storm strength. Satellite phone prices have come way down and given recent experience, I'm finally going to break down and get one.
2. Disaster info -- finding out what's going on in general. This might be from tv, radio, newspaper, etc
The best info came from amature radio from local 2 meter repeaters. If you do not have an amateur radio licence, get one. If that's not possible, get a scanner and find out the frequencies for the local repeaters. We also relied on local TV brodcasts which were obtained using a small portable Sony color TV with an attached antenna. This was kept running after the power went out for 17 hours using a Radio Shack 12v adapter and a Vector Jump and Carry 12v battery. Seeing the radar made a big difference in our sanity.
3. Information that I might need in the short term: medical, survival, etc. ( books)
I have a nice little cache of .pdfs from this forum on my laptop. Lots of very valuble information here.
Best wishes.
Craig.