I'm in the U.S. Air Force and there is a lot involved with going from soldier to civilian. You just don't hear about it much outside of the military. As I am currently in and don't plan on leaving in the near future I don't have all the specifics of what happens when somebody transfers from military to civilian life. I do know some of it though, and I hope this helps.
First there is all the paperwork. There is a lot of paperwork for anything you do in the military. Whenever somebody starts to prepare to get out they usually start all their appointments and processing about 1-2 months before they actually get out. There is a mandatory briefing a person must attend about transition assistance. I don't remember the exact name of the briefing though. There are also classes on filling out resumes and job interviews and such. I know there's more, but I've never been through it, and I'm tired right now and can't think straight.
Robert