How much fuel, either white gas for, e.g., an MSR stove, or denatured alcohol for a Trangia or cat-can stove, do you estimate would be required to minimally heat a small survival shelter for, say, 12-24 hours?
Do not try to heat your shelter with a backpacking stove! Running a small stove to heat the inside a tent, snow cave, or other shelters puts you at great risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. If you are trying to warm up the inside of a shelter, you will presumably have sealed the shelter up against drafts. Also, you will probably be tempted to run the stove for a long time, and perhaps run it while you are sleeping.
DO NOT DO THIS!Just one example of what can happen:
Maroon Bells campers' carbon monoxide levels way above lethalAny stove run for heat inside a shelter must have a chimney to vent fumes outside. Some tents have small wood stoves and chimneys, which are fine. But these are not typically something you would want to backpack.