Hikermor,
To add a bit, the Polynesians did use maps:
http://www.jaimepappalardo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/image004.jpgThe one I have is similar.
I have to agree with Eugene, but I believe it is true, we should still learn navigation without map and compass as well. All three (just good observation and understanding, map and compass and GPS) should be understood by those going outdoors. Each step up provides increasing accuracy and information at the cost of depending on devices that can be lost.
In this vein, I have just seen books by Tristan Gooley
http://www.naturalnavigator.com/books-and-library including The Natural Navigator. Anyone know anything about him or his books? Thanks!
Respectfully,
Jerry