Just a frame of reference, I am a Boy Scout Scoutmaster. Cub Scouts do not camp in primitive camp sites, and they rarely hike very far from help. That said, I think they should first be trained to "hug a tree", carry signaling devices, and remain in buddy teams, and I prefer groups of three over two. Cub Scouts should always have a parent with them, for safety (required for campouts) and as Ken said, it makes the experience that much better for the scout. Survival training for Cubs is to remain in place, protect their body temperature, and signal for help.

For my pack on hikes, in addition to the ten essentials:

Shelter (poncho, tarp)

Signaling (sound, light for night and day, orange panels, cell phone, PLB for more serious hikes)

Water purification

Trauma Kit (over and above a first aid kit, for major bleeding, obstructed airways, anaphylaxis, etc.)

Night vision scope (I have all of my scouts carrying more than one light, and at times I mark them with red lights; The scope helps me keep track of them)

Push to Talk Radios (for the scout leadership and for the adults on the trip)

Not a comprehensive list, but the stuff I need to handle the more extreme emergencies. I am with Hikermor, I have seen too many scout groups going far beyond their true capabilities. I am fortunate to have the background I have, and other Assistant Scout Masters with similar backgrounds and skills.