1. dollar store duct
2. common silver duct tape; Target, Lowes, etc.
3. Gorilla branded tape
4. Gaff / gaffers tape (used by stage hands)
5. 100 mph tape
I'm not sure I've ever seen "real" 100 MPH tape, but I've read a few times that Gorilla tape is better. According to my Googling it's either Nashua's duct tape in green, or it's automotive body tape.
Gaffer tape is great for clean removal, but is not designed to adhere as well or be as strong as the others, so I wouldn't have it in this list at all.
Somewhere between what you describe as common silver duct tape and Gorilla tape are some higher-end duct tapes made by 3M, Nashua, and a few other manufacturers. They are noticeably better than cheaper tapes in my experience.
So my list would look more like this:
1. dollar store duct tape
2. hardware store ("regular") duct tape
3. more expensive duct tapes (Nashua, 3M, 100 MPH tape)
4. Gorilla tape
I've done some things with Gorilla tape that were just crazy, and it's what I stock for emergencies. It also survives well in temperature extremes.