The forest service study had more to do with bullet construction than caliber. Some of the more powerful guns were down rated because the bullet came apart.

Also note the deep penetration the old colt 45's and 45-70's had. Energy was
less, but penetration was good.

Cherry pick and you get these results.

Colt 45 handgun penetration 14.3"
338 winchester mag rifle 14.7"

45-70 17.8"
460 Wthby Mag 17.2"