[b] Would it be correct to say that prepping is something comprised of layers?
"Layers" -- literally, yes. I would say layers is a great umbrella term for an effective strategy for survival in extraordinary circumstances as well as a hike in the woods and everyday living.
Perspective and faith are essential, too, I think. An age-old truism of the news media is that
"if it bleeds, it leads." That's just the nature of the beast. We tend to gawk at car accidents on the highway and TV news show ratings increase when there is a disaster occurring somewhere.
But most of the cars on the road won't ever crash. Most people in the Middle East are not attacking U.S. embassies. Most of us likely will die the old-fashioned way... by getting old.
I became cognizant of the need to prepare for unexpected and potentially uncomfortable or even dangerous inconveniences about twenty years ago when DC was hit with ice storms and bitter cold that stressed the power grid so much that my zip code was subjected to rolling blackouts. To make it even more unpleasant, I caught the flu from a friend who was visiting. My reaction to that was to forever more have at least two weeks of canned soup in my kitchen and to accelerate acquisition of camping gear - something I was already doing because I'd just become an avid camper the year before. Though unfamiliar with the phrase "shelter-in, that's precisely what I was preparing for. And what I continue to prepare for.
A couple years later, a city-wide alert over cryptosporidium in the water system caused me to start storing a few days worth for me and my dog. Lesson: don't take the tap water for granted - quantity or quality.
September 11, 2001 and the anthrax attacks a few weeks later (both affected me personally) caused me to look at "prepping" in a whole new light. Until then I had not been concerned about the ability to "bug out." Then the more I looked at bugging out, the more desirable sheltering-in became.
Then I read Cormac McCarthy's book, "The Road," and William Forstchen's "One Second After." Both TEOTWAWKI scenarios. My takeaway from each of them was that survival can be overrated in certain circumstances. And that's where faith enters the picture, for me.
If I had Warren Buffett's resources, maybe I'd seriously prepare for a TEOTWAWKI scenario. But it'd probably be a waste of money because I'd be enjoying my money so much traveling around the world, I'd hardly ever be in residence at my post-armageddon survival fortress.
First, really think through and prepare for the likeliest survival scenarios that are common to many disasters (natural, man-made and Hollywood fantasy): 1) power outage; 2) water outage; 3) loss of shelter; 4) stranded vehicle; 5) flooding; 6) downed trees. Etcetera.
If you are prepared to cope with those contingencies and survive a couple weeks without power (ATMs...), supermarkets and restaurants, then I think you are in pretty good shape.
As to whether the world is really in a uniquely dark and perilous time...
Eh. I think we're safer now than when the H-bomb was new and Fidel Castro was beseeching Nikita Krushchev to first-strike us with the USSR arsenal. In that instance, the fate of millions of Americans depended on Krushchev being the voice of reason.
Now that's a scary scenario (i.e. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962). Considering today's Iran situation, perhaps that analogy has diminished my earlier points.
In a few minutes, I'll be headed back out onto a river to paddle a canoe for a couple hours. If something Hollywood horrific happens in those two hours, I could be stuck with just me, my dog, a whistle, a life jacket, a Diet Coke, 32 oz of water (for my dog) and a carbon fiber paddle.
Maybe I'll tuck a firesteel in a pocket.... Nah, going to risk it.