Depends on location and conditions.  A tent is free standing and generally has screens to keep out the bugs, which is nice in some areas.  A tarp can be lighter and suffice if you have trees to tie it to.  If I have to carry poles, I will probably just carry a tent.  In some areas and weather I prefer a hammock, but again you need trees.  I normally do not put up a shelter unless I am expecting precipitation or strong winds.