Sure, the only real test is to measure the voltage under a load of suitable size for the battery's rated capacity.

(Example: a neighbour can't get his tractor to start. He has a DVOM, and it reads 12+ volts. So the battery must be okay, right? I get him to read the voltage while I turn the key, engaging the starter. 4 volts under load. Time for a new battery. Checked the charging system output after, just in case; it was fine, kicking out 14+ volts.)

It isn't always possible to test with a suitable load. But if you know your battery's general range, you can get a working indication of its overall status. I like to monitor charging with a multimeter. If a lead-acid battery on my solar panels will achieve just over 14 VDC, that's a full charge. The SLAs I've used will typically drop to 12.8 after charging terminates. However, if a batt comes close to full charge and then suddenly cascades to 15+V, it's probably reached the end of its normal service life.

BTW, here's an idea:
A particularly interesting topic for this forum would be "bring out your dead ... batteries." I.e., how to get value/use out of different types of batteries, rechargeable and single use, that are technically dead (hopelessly out of their design range) but can still be used to accomplish useful work in an emergency. I have some field experience in this ...