Nominal output for a "12V" DC cigarette lighter is 13.8V. The wall wart that you're using has 12V DC output @ 1A. Your existing 12V DC power systems should work fine if you use the right adapter with the right polarity.
Maybe. But some electronic equipment requires a much more closely regulated DC voltage. The only way to know is to measure the "no load" voltage from the manufacturer-supplied wall wart, and compare it to the rated voltage output (which is under load). If it's sitting right at 12 VDC, it's a regulated supply, and supplying a higher voltage could cause damage.
(IMO, a decent multimeter is indispensable gear for any solar setup, for checking actual voltage, monitoring for overcharging, and confirming correct polarity.)
P.S., Blast, what's the watt rating of your solar panel? Are you using a charge controller?
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