This tells me that the Sawyer may work if applied immediately, but more testing is required to learn its true limitations. If a Sawyer was kept ready for immediate access and applied within 30 sec after the bite, would it be effective? If the Sawyer works with that time constraint, then it may be worth having available for immediate use in snake country. In the Sawyer Bite and Sting Manual it states: ... "2) Use the Extractor pump immediately, you can leave the pump on for up to 15 minutes. The first few minutes are the most important for venom removal."...

If in the study they began use of the Sawyer at 3 minutes, they were intentionally ignoring Sawyer's recommended application instructions. The study may have been interested in the application at that point, but it was far from complete if they didn't at least test the manufacturer's recommended application protocol to determine if it worked at all. If the first few minutes are the most important for venom removal and the study waited until after the first few minutes had passed to begin, it's no wonder the pump failed.