I think the whole phenomenon of the prepper (Anxious now middle aged Yuppies from the late 80s??) is caused by deep rooted anxiety of how personal or societal future prospects are perceived and is dependent on whether a person is an optimist or a pragmatic pessimist. I think preppers fall into the latter of pragmatic pessimist.
Backpackers and hikers, I think have really have quite a different outlook on life. They really just enjoy the outdoors and peace and quiet and the aesthetic of natural world. There is some cross over with the 'bush crafters' who take this mindset to the next level as they attempt to minimise and redact the technology and commercialism requirements of the backpacker and hiker.
You're right that these two camps are somewhat distinct socially, though they may overlap in function. I fall more into the prepper category. I love nature, but for me it's cheaper, less time-consuming, and far more convenient to go to the opera than to go camping. (I can tell you about surviving in the opera house. First rule: avoid any event that begins with "three.")
Does prepping derive from anxiety about the future of society? I'm not so sure. There has always been emergencies, natural or man-made. Emergency services are probably better today that they were 50 years ago (I'm just guessing here, so you SAR types feel free to correct me). I don't think civilization is going to fall apart, but I just don't want to take the chance of falling through the cracks of emergency services.
Now, a larger interesting issue, I think, is self-sufficiency vs. cooperation. (Am not trying to imply they are paragonal.) Observing the earthquake/tsunami/nuclear disaster in Japan taught me that if we are able to prep and cooperate as a group, we can afford to do less as individuals. The Japanese maintained order voluntarily, there was virtually no looting or theft, lost properties were turned in to the authorities, people shared resources, made individual sacrifices for the group. As a result there was no mob chaos and additional man-made problems, stores remained open, and in general as much of normal life was preserved. This doesn't cost a cent. It takes a certain culture and a certain mode of behavior.
We, on the other hand, tend to focus on the materiel of preparation: which stove to get, which bag to get, etc. The assumption is that we're going to be on our own, in a possibly dog-eat-dog world. We regard this as self-sufficiency or personal responsibility. This is when some people start talking about "armament." Now, the Japanese do earthquake prep, etc., but I'll bet that they don't think much about armament. That just isn't a serious risk over there. We undertake greater expenses, at a greater individual cost, to prepare for disasters because our society tends more towards violence and selfishness in times of crisis. The chaos of Katrina is an example.
What is the point I'm making? I have no delusions about the pros and cons of Japanese culture, I hope, but I do think that prepping does not have to be equated with self-sufficiency or some analogue of camping. After all, our civilization is in a sense a big survival project. It is a complex network that transforms hostile nature into an inhabitable environment where a person does not have to spend all his time and energy finding the next meal. We pool our resources in order to afford services that we individually cannot afford: emergency services, policing, firefighting, education, etc. That might have been what happened in Japan: people were collectively sufficient in crisis, even though individually they were probably nowhere nearly as well-equipped. (I don't think camping is such a big hobby over there.) By contrast, in American culture we have this lone cowboy mentality, and as long as we are all lone cowboys, we cannot join force and make surviving in emergencies easier. I know some people on this forum are attempting to network via homeowners associations and such, but I look at my neighbors and am filled with pessimism.
Da Bing