Insect protein? Worms, grubs, crickets ....
Correct on the insects. There were thousands of ants under other rocks in the same immediate area. This overturned rock was the work of a bear as there were signs (tracks) of bear all over the place.
We did not spend much time to spend here to find out (and not that we wanted to go deliberately bear tracking!) as we were in the process of traveling home but we did see a nice wetland/marsh area to explore at a later visit.
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Earth and sky, woods and fields, lakes and rivers, the mountain and the sea, are excellent schoolmasters, and teach some of us more than we can ever learn from books.
John Lubbock