The last trip I took was to a very remote South Pacific island that only had one flight a week in and out and very little in the way of assets on the island.

I check the weather forecast, State Department and other travel advisories, reviews of people who traveled to the location to get an idea of what to expect. That helps focus my kit for local conditions.

Well in advance, I go to http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/ for what immunizations and meds needed for that trip. Some have significant lead time required.

I took an extensive medical kit including suture kit, OTC meds, trauma supplies, etc. I figure I would provide the doctor with MY suture kit, exam gloves etc for him to use on me if necessary. Many of these third world places wash their gloves, needles, etc which is responsible for spreading disease. I'd like to not get what the last guy had.

In carry on baggage I carry some food, LED headlamp, ear plugs, iPhone, and a couple days of clothing in case my checked bag doesn't arrive. I ALWAYS bring a fleece vest and rain jacket regardless of where I'm going.

In checked baggage I put my basic pocket survival kit, water filter, Leatherman etc.

I bring some snacks from home like packaged peanuts and jerky. I had a Microbiology Professor who advised eating something from home about an hour before eating local food. Starts acid production in the stomach and helps prevent food borne illness.

I also purchase Medical Evacuation Insurance to cover repatriation flights. On this last trip you'd have to charter a jet from Hawaii to fly the 1300 miles each way to get home.

By the way, I left the Med Kit with my Dive Guide for his family's use. Nice tip for him in addition to the cash.