Interesting study, thanks for posting it.

I carry a Storm on my off-road m/c kit & will attest that it is loud enough to hurt.
I used it recently to catch the attention of other riders going by. They could hear it 50-m away while wearing helmets & riding motorcycles at 50-kph. Some even heard it through ear-plugs.

The Storm is kind of big & clunky, so most of our other kits (wife, son, car, air-travel, etc) have a mix of Fox40 Pearls & Minis.
My own very unscientific comparison between these Fox40 & the Storm matches the report - the Storm is a lot louder.
There is a huge difference between 90dB & 110dB.