There are some great resources on the web, I'd start with looking at a lot of plans that the Mormon Church has. They have been doing this a long time.

For grains and beans, it seems that most choose either #10 cans or 5 gallon buckets with mylar inserts/bags. The cans are more durable and rodent proof. The canners are very expensive, as in more than $1,000 expensive. The buckets and mylar are cheap and easy. What you have to look out for is to keep the humidity down below a certain amount, I think it's around 10%. That prevents spoilage, as well as being too dry for any eggs to hatch and eat your food. There is a certain type of botulism that can live in the higher humidity as well, so it pays to be careful. Some use bags of dessicant, some use a layer of salt on the bottom, at least an inch. Either should keep the humidity down. I like the salt, because it's one of the things that I stock up on.

If you store grains, then make sure you get a hand powered mill. Some of the things to store are grains, legumes, rice, salt, sugar, honey, and spices. I'm sure there are many more, those are just off the top of my head.

Cody Lundin's book "To Hell and Back" is a really good read on this topic.