A lot of the desalination projects in the Middle East are intended to provide large volumes to cities.
I think a lot of them are reverse osmosis units, but I am not sure about that at all.
Here is something about a distillation plant in Saudi Arabia
http://www.water-technology.net/projects/shuaiba/They tell in the article why they used flash distillation instead of reverse osmosis, but they note in passing that reverse osmosis is a common method too.
This article outlines a bit of the scale of the problem and the problem of meeting it with solar desalinization plants.
http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3520