This thread is entitled "the last Alternative." I think we have failed to consider the first one. Much of what we discuss,share and learn is usefull in a dire situation. Yes, I can start a fire with a lens shaved from ice. Yes, I can CLIMB to the high country in a desert seeking the water cache's. And yes, I can carry a sufficient supply of water IN THE FIRST PLACE. I don't know of a single airline that is seizing water bottles yet. If they think it's fulminate of mercury POUR IT OUT. The water in the washroom sink is potable. On a day hike? Ignore the Sierra Club experts with a small canteen and heroic profiles. Carry a big one and become popular about midday.