OBG,
FCC rules allow emergency communications without a ham license in a real emergency. So technically you could buy a ham radio of any sort and listen all you liked and transmit when there was a declared emergency.
This idea is a bit weak when you consider that most emergency ham operators practice frequently to maintain their skills in this service area.
A new fellow jumping on the airwaves in an emergency may not be the best approach.
Getting a ham license is so easy now that there really is no excuse not to do so. You can take online practice tests until you essentially know the questions by heart...take a locally administered test and not only be legal but if you volunteer with a local RACES or ARES group you can be helpful too.
Check out qrz.com for practice tests.
http://www.qrz.com/testing.htmlThe ARRL will list local clubs and tests in your area.
http://www.arrl.org/arrlvec/examsearch.phtmlThe examiner will likely know a number of service groups in your area too.
Ham radio is a very good option to have.