There was a tunnel fire on the I-5 north of the LA area a couple months ago, which is the primary north-south freeway linking northern and southern California and basically goes up the middle of the state. People had to drive way, way out of their way to bypass that fire, either going all the way around over the high desert to the east, or up the coast instead. If the tunnel fire had been associated with a major earthquake and fire crews and repair crews were tied up elsewhere, there's no telling how much fire damage would've been done to the tunnel or how long it would take to repair and reopen.
Just to piggy back on this, for those unfamiliar with CA geography, if I-5 is out, you have A) Pacific Coast Highway or Hwy 101, runs along the N/S axis of the state, or I-395, along the east border. Really, that's it in terms of major routes. And there's very little E/W connectors that aren't local routes. No major East west freeways between Los Angeles (maybe Santa Barbara) and the San Jose/Sacramento areas.
So basically, like it was said, it depends. If a big one hits SF or LA, there's probably easy ways around it. If you take out central California, you're going to waste lots of time taking dirt roads or one-laners for maybe hundreds of miles to get around things.