Besides the rustic nature of using something our forefathers used there is not much more benefit if using a stove to cook on. The main disadvantage is your use more fuel to heat up a cast iron pot then a stainless steel equilivilant. If your cooking with charcoal then cast iron is fun and the way to go.
Durability is good but then so is tank over a VW. But there is a weight issue too. I have never heard nor seen a stainless steel pot burn through on a gas stove. If you got to those temperatures I imigine a cast iron pot is just as likely to melt as a SS pot.
I love cooking with my Lodge castiron dutch oven as I do on the weekends quite a bit on the back porch. It is fun but just like a lighter is better then a bow drill for starting a fire so is more modern technology cookware.
cheers