SCIENCE!! (( enter the google))
reference
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=459A monomer, such as methylcyanoacrylate (the substance in super glue), with two electron -withdrawing substituents can be polymerized with very mild nucleophiles such as Br, CN, amines or OH. The monomer polymerizes on contact with many surfaces. Most often it is initialized by the presence of water (the OH ions from water).If you have sodium bicarbonte present, traces of water (from the surface or air) will react and make NaOH. The reaction is the following:NaHCO3 + H2O -----> NaOH + H2CO3NaOH is a very good starter of the polymerization reaction. It will make the reaction go very fast. Since this is an exothermic reaction (energy gets released) the H2CO3 will break up into H2O and CO2 . The water will evaporate and that should be the fume you have noticed. You should also see the CO2.This is my guess on what is happening.
So in English- Superglue uses water in the air to turn into a polymer. The chemical in baking soda creates water very quickly. The substance is not stronger than superglue, it just cures very quickly.
Very Cool!! going to try this!