-- tiny fak, includes toiletries
Toiletries are easy to forget, because you tend to put them in the luggage rather than the carry on. But if you're stuck somewhere and separated from your luggage, then you need to have at least the basics: toothbrush, toothpaste. Most hotels provide the rest. I learned this lesson the hard way.
A cell phone charger that runs on batteries. Some airports have few outlets, and you have to be creative to get juice.
This above is more "equipped to be comfortable" rather than "equipped to survive." It seems that there just isn't that much you can do on the plane, given the TSA restrictions. What emergency situations can we effectively address? If a plane goes down, and somehow I miraculously survived, I'd want the tools we can't bring aboard. (Cut myself out of the seat belt, make fire & shelter, signal the SAR, fight the smoke monster on the island.) If a plane just malfunctions, again, I'd think I'd need more tools than what we're allowed. If some sort of medical emergency happens, then maybe we can do something -- with the right training (which I don't have). Our survivability in emergency situations decreases because of all the TSA restrictions. But I think we've had many threads complaining about this.
So of the stuff we can address, what can't wait until the end of the flight?
DB, thinking about a parachute (no, my last name isn't Cooper)